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Kisachek [45]
3 years ago
8

Decide for each item whether it is part of GDP and, if so, to which expenditure category it belongs.Purchase of 100 shares of Ge

neral Motors stock
Business
1 answer:
love history [14]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

NO , 100 shares purchase of GMS is not included in GDP

Explanation:

GDP is gross value of final goods & services produced by an economy in its domestic territory during a financial year .

Purchase of 100 Shares of General Motor stock is not included in GDP : Because it does not lead to any new production of goods & services , is mere transfer of ownership from company to shareholders . Similarly , Debenture selling is also not included

It is analogous to the rule of excluding second hand goods from GDP , since they have not lead to any new goods / services & are mere transferred from one owner to another .

However , any Brokage fee / commission paid related to either of these is included because it is factor income for a productive intermediary service. Also , returns on shares i.e Dividend (or even Interest on debetures) are included - since these are factor income to factors of production (capital component share) .

You might be interested in
On January 1, 2021, the Excel Delivery Company purchased a delivery van for $46,000. At the end of its five-year service life, i
marusya05 [52]

Answer:

Given

Cost $46000

Life= 5 years

Salvage Value= $ 4000

Total miles = 165,000

Formula

Depreciation Straight Line Method= Cost - Salvage Value/ Useful Life

Straight Line Rate= 100%/ useful Life= 100%/5 = 20%

Double Declining Method = 2 * Straight Line Rate

Double Declining Method = 2 * Straight Line Rate= 2*20%= 40%

1. Depreciation Straight Line Method= Cost - Salvage Value/ Useful Life

Depreciation Straight Line Method= $ 46000- $4000/ 5= $ 8,400

The depreciation expense using the straight line method does not change unless the salvage value is reached

Years        Depreciation      Accumulated Dep          Book Value

                                                                                (Cost - Accu. Dep)

a. 2021       $ 8,4000               8400                            37600

b. 2022       $ 8,4000               16,800                         29,200

c. 2023        $ 8,4000              25200                          20,800  

d. 2024       $ 8,4000              33,600                        12,400

e. 2025       $ 8,4000             42000                        4000

2. Straight Line Rate= 100%/ useful Life= 100%/5 = 20%

Double Declining Method = 2 * Straight Line Rate

Double Declining Method = 2 * Straight Line Rate= 2*20%= 40%

In double declining method the rate is multiplied to the cost to get the depreciation expense. 40 % of $ 46000= $ 18400

Each year the rate is multiplied with the remaining book value after deducting the depreciation expense from the cost as $ 46000- $ 18400= $ 27600

Next years depreciation will be $ 27600 * 40%= $ 11040.

This will be added in the original depreciation expense $ 18400 + $ 11040 = $ 29440 and deducted from cost to get the book value. $ 46,000- $ 29440 = $ 16560.

Again rate will be multiplied and each years depreciation will be calculated similarly.

It has been summarized in the table below.

Years       Dep Rate      Dep Expense       Accu. Dep.     Book Value

a. 2021        40%           18400                   18400               27600

b. 2022       40%           11040                     29440               16560

c. 2023       40%             6624                     36064               9936

d. 2024       40%             3974.4                  40,038.4         5961.6

e. 2025       40%            2384.64                   42,0423.4     3576.96

3. Depreciation per unit= (Cost -Salvage value) / Total units of production* Units of Production

Years       Mileage      Depreciation                    Depreciation

a. 2021      35,000     ($ 42000/165000)*35000        8909.09

b. 2022     37,000      ($ 42000/165000)*37000       9418.18

c. 2023      28,000     ($ 42000/165000)*28000        7127.27

d. 2024      33,000      ($ 42000/165000)*33000        8400

e. 2025      34,000    ($ 42000/165000)*34000         8654.54

7 0
3 years ago
Jurisdiction E spends approximately $7 million each winter on snow removal. The jurisdiction is considering adding a new income
frez [133]

Answer:

'Taxes' can be defined as a compulsory contribution to the state's or country's revenues, which are levied by the governments on personal incomes of individuals or profits of the corporate, or on some transactions.

Taxes are the main source of revenues for any government, through which it receives the necessary funds to spend on various activities it undertakes for public welfare and maintaining the law and order and security of the nation.

Many theorists believe that every tax should be evaluated on certain standards and the following four standards have been mentioned for evaluating whether taxes are good or not:

  1. Taxes should be sufficient to fulfill the government's requirements
  2. Taxes should be convenient for the government to implement and for the citizens to pay
  3. Taxes should be efficient economically
  4. Taxes should be fair

There may be certain provisions introduced in the federal tax system, which are targeted to induce certain behaviors or shift people's attention towards certain activities. These provisions are called tax preferences

Does this proposed change in Jurisdiction E's tax law meet the definition of a tax preference? Explain briefly.

In the given question, the decision of the jurisdiction to give deduction to the people for the snow removal equipment they purchase, is definitely a tax preference as it induces people to invest in snow removing machines, as they are getting full deduction of such expense in income taxes.

By having this provision, the government is motivating people to invest in these machines, and people also have the benefit of having such machine with them, and also getting tax deduction for such expense, so getting such machine almost free (this applies to people who have incomes in such tax bracket only). Thus it is the way of government in encouraging people to buy snow removing machines and reduce the burden on the government. Thus it is clearly a tax preference.

Jurisdiction E forecasts that the proposed change will decrease its annual tax revenues by $250,000 but will improve the jurisdiction's financial condition by $300,000. On what assumptions is this forecast based?

The forecast regarding decrease in annual tax and improvement in financial condition is based on the assumptions of people taking benefit of such a provision, and actually investing in snow removing machines.

The jurisdiction believes that people will purchase the machines and make claims for deductions, effecting the tax revenue by $250,000. But at the same time, as many people will themselves remove the snow, the government doesn't have to spend so much on snow removal and thus make the savings of $300,000

6 0
3 years ago
. What do you understand by term “advertising”. What would happen if ethical advertisement is not followed by businesses? Explai
Blababa [14]

Answer:

Ethics means a set of moral principles which govern a person’s behavior or how the activity is conducted. And advertising means a mode of communication between a seller and a buyer.

Thus ethics in advertising means a set of well defined principles which govern the ways of communication taking place between the seller and the buyer. Ethics is the most important feature of the advertising industry. Though there are many benefits of advertising but then there are some points which don’t match the ethical norms of advertising.

An ethical ad is the one which doesn’t lie, doesn’t make fake or false claims and is in the limit of decency.

Nowadays, ads are more exaggerated and a lot of puffing is used. It seems like the advertisers lack knowledge of ethical norms and principles. They just don’t understand and are unable to decide what is correct and what is wrong.

The main area of interest for advertisers is to increase their sales, gain more and more customers, and increase the demand for the product by presenting a well decorated, puffed and colorful ad. They claim that their product is the best, having unique qualities than the competitors, more cost effective, and more beneficial. But most of these ads are found to be false, misleading customers and unethical. The best example of these types of ads is the one which shows evening snacks for the kids, they use coloring and gluing to make the product look glossy and attractive to the consumers who are watching the ads on television and convince them to buy the product without giving a second thought.

<em>Ethics in Advertising is directly related to the purpose of advertising and the nature of advertising. Sometimes exaggerating the ad becomes necessary to prove the benefit of the product. For e.g. a sanitary napkin ad which shows that when the napkin was dropped in a river by some girls, the napkin soaked whole water of the river. Thus, the purpose of advertising was only to inform women about the product quality. Obviously, every woman knows that this cannot practically happen but the ad was accepted. This doesn’t show that the ad was unethical. </em>

Ethics also depends on what we believe. If the advertisers make the ads on the belief that the customers will understand, persuade them to think, and then act on their ads, then this will lead to positive results and the ad may not be called unethical. But at the same time, if advertisers believe that they can fool their customers by showing any impractical things like just clicking fingers will make your home or office fully furnished or just buying a lottery ticket will make you a millionaire, then this is not going to work out for them and will be called as unethical.

Recently, the Vetican issued an article which says ads should follow three moral principles - Truthfulness, Social Responsibility and Upholding Human Dignity.

Generally, big companies never lie as they have to prove their points to various ad regulating bodies. Truth is always said but not completely. Sometimes its better not to reveal the whole truth in the ad but at times truth has to be shown for betterment.

Pharmaceutical Advertising - they help creating awareness, but one catchy point here is that the advertisers show what the medicine can cure but never talk about the side effects of that same thing or the risks involved in intake of it.

Children - children are the major sellers of the ads and the product. They have the power to convince the buyers. But when advertisers are using children in their ad, they should remember not to show them alone doing there work on their own like brushing teeth, playing with toys, or infants holding their own milk bottles as everyone knows that no one will leave their kids unattended while doing all these activities. So showing parents also involved in all activities or things being advertised will be more logical.

Alcohol - till today, there hasn’t come any liquor ad which shows anyone drinking the original liquor. They use mineral water and sodas in their advertisements with their brand name. These types of ads are called surrogate ads. These type of ads are totally unethical when liquor ads are totally banned. Even if there are no advertisements for alcohol, people will continue drinking.

Cigarettes and Tobacco - these products should be never advertised as consumption of these things is directly and badly responsible for cancer and other severe health issues. These as are already banned in countries like India, Norway, Thailand, Finland and Singapore.

Ads for social causes - these types of ads are ethical and are accepted by the people. But ads like condoms and contraceptive pills should be limited, as these are sometimes unethical, and are more likely to loose morality and decency at places where there is no educational knowledge about all these products.

(that is same question on my papers)

7 0
2 years ago
On January 2, 2020, Vaughn Manufacturing began construction of a new citrus processing plant. The automated plant was finished a
12345 [234]

Answer:

Vaughn Manufacturing

1. The weighted-average accumulated expenditures for 2017 were:

c. $1,200,000.

2. The interest capitalized for 2017 was:

b. $144,000

3. The weighted-average accumulated expenditures for 2018 by the end of the construction period were:  

= $2,546,000.

4. The interest capitalized for 2018 was:

= $267,000.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Expenditures for the construction were as follows:

Date                                   Amount of     No. of months  Weighted Average

                                         expenditure                                 Expenditure

2020:

January 2, 2020                 $613,000         12/12                     $613,000

September 1, 2020            1,802,400          4/12                       600,800

December 31, 2020          1,802,400          0/12                        0

Total weighted-average expenditure for 2020 =                $1,213,800

Which is approximately = $1,200,000

Interest capitalized = $144,000 ($1,200,000 * 12%)

Capitalized expenditure by December 31, 2020 = $1,344,000 ($1,200,000 + $144,000)

Date                                   Amount of     No. of months  Weighted Average

                                         expenditure                                 Expenditure

2021:

January 1, 2021                 1,344,000        9/9                   $1,344,000

March 31, 2021                  1,802,400       6/9                      1,201,600

September 30, 2021        1,203,000        0/9                      0

Total weighted-average expenditure for 2020 =           $2,545,600

Which is approximately $2,546,000

Interest capitalized for 2018 = $267,330 ($2,546,000 * 10.5%)

Approximately $267,000

7 0
3 years ago
Square Hammer Corp. shows the following information on its 2018 income statement: Sales = $206,000; Costs = $123,000; Other expe
EastWind [94]

Answer:

a. What is the 2018 operating cash flow?

$31,200 + $14,000 = $45,200

b. What is the 2018 cash flow to creditors?

-$13,100 - $3,100 = -$16,200 (it is negative since interests and principal were paid to creditors)

c. What is the 2018 cash flow to stockholders?

-$10,000 + $4,600 = -$5,400 (it is negative since more dividends were paid to stockholders than new equity raised)

d. If net fixed assets increased by $22,000 during the <em>year, what was the addition to NWC?</em>

net capital spending = depreciation + increase in fixed assets = $14,000 + $22,000 = $36,000

cash flow from assets = cash flow to creditors + cash flow to stockholders = -$16,200 - $5,400 = -$21,600

change in net working capital = operating cash flow + cash flow from assets  - net capital spending = $45,200 - $21,600 - $36,000 = $12,400

Explanation:

net income = $206,000 - $123,000 - $7,900 - $14,000 - $13,100 - $16,800 = $31,200

8 0
3 years ago
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