Well, a direct quotation is a quotation taken directly out of the text. So all we have to do is find which answer is taken directly out of the text. :)
A. Pull tight.
The correct option is THE DIRT HAS A CURVED SHAPE.
From the passage given above, the author used moons in his statement in order to describe the shape of the dirt under Alfonso nails. A full moon is round in shape but as the days pass by it becomes curve in shape.
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Captain James Cook in 1688