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they have a military advantage, as they have a great lookout point, and can see opposing forced that are coming to attack.
<span>The word for an array of nonaligned or friendly states that cushion or protect a larger country from invasion, as happened with the former soviet union and its eastern european neighbors is the buffer zone. It is created to specific areas that needs to be protected such as restrictions on the use of resources of that area and the country do its best to create measures to improve the conservation value of that area.</span>
Europeans couldn't travel into the interior of Africa in order to take it over because of the African-ruled trade, couldn't navigate violent rivers, or overpower their strong armies. Disease also held them back.
Answer:
Muslim forces ultimately expelled the European Christians who invaded the eastern Mediterranean repeatedly in the 12th and 13th centuries—and thwarted their effort to regain control of sacred Holy Land sites such as Jerusalem. Still, most histories of the Crusades offer a largely one-sided view, drawn originally from European medieval chronicles, then filtered through 18th and 19th-century Western scholars.
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