Ethos is the rhetorical element in which the persuasion of the audience falls as the major destination. The writer or the speaker attempts to persuade and audience through his piece of writing or speech respectively.
President Lincoln in his Second Inaugural Address questioned the divinity thought and highlighted the ills that the war has brought to the people. He expresses his dilemmatic thoughts as to what had made the divine, the God, to make his people involve in the war. He had used certain allusions from the holy Bible to persuade the audience. The causes that led to the war, it's outcome and it's end have been brought into light by Lincoln.
Malala is a hero because she has traits of perseverance and dedication. Perseverance because she is still fighting after getting severely injured, and dedication because she is continuing to gain rights. Malala Yousafzai is a compassionate and caring person.