The answer is the first one.
In "Writers often disavow the notion of a 'literary duty'" the author conveys a somewhat condescending attitude, as if they would always follow this and set aside anyone who said otherwise. This attitude says the author is looking down on them, and that the author believes that many authors do not meet their standards.
Another answer I would consider is "...writers ruined by their shrill commitments." However, there is no context or clear tone. The author could be mournful of the lost potential for all we know.
Answer:
Three primary roles of the female Reproductive system: Production of ova(eggs), Secretion of hormones, protection of facilitation of the development of the fetus in a pregnant female.
Explanation:
So first you would want to round the numbers to the nearest tenth.
243.9 + 132.4= 376.3
sentence 4 uses a module vocabulary word incorrectly because the definition of a suffix dictates that it appears at the end of a word, rather than at the beginning, which would be a prefix.