Answer:
Woodwind: These include wooden instruments that work by allowing and constricting the passage of air. This includes instruments such as
Recorder: The recorder belongs to a class of instruments called aerophone woodwind instruments, which produce sound by the passage of air across holes made in the wood. It consists of a hollow wooden tube with small holes in a straight line along the side, and a larger hole (called the mouthpiece) at the top for the entrance of air. To play a recorder, the musician blows air into the mouthpiece and then closes the remaining holes with the tips of the fingers in different combinations (of open and closed holes) to create varying sounds.
Bassoon: A bassoon is a reed woodwind instrument. It consists of a hollow cylinder that is open at the top. The opening travels from top to bottom, curves up, and then ends in a mouthpiece a third of the way up the instrument. The bassoon has finger holes similar to those of a recorder, where the player places fingers to block the passage of air and produce the desired tone. Bassoons (and other reed instruments) produce sound by passing air over a reed that vibrates at a certain frequency to create a tone.
Brass: These instruments are similar to woodwind instruments, except they use brass in their construction. They include instruments such as
Trumpet: A trumpet is a brass instrument made from a cylindrical tube bent twice into an oblong shape. It has an open horn at one end and a mouthpiece at the other, and it usually contains three to four valves that, when pressed, increase the length of the tube. To play the trumpet, musicians press their lips against the mouthpiece and blow air into the tube. They can change pitch by pressing the valves or varying the amount of air blown into the instrument.
Tuba: This is the largest brass instrument; it consists of a cylindrical tube bent into an oblong shape. Similar to the trumpet, it has an open horn at one end and a mouthpiece at the other. It also functions similarly and uses valves to produce different tones. The size difference between a trumpet and a tuba gives the tuba a lower pitch as compared to a trumpet.
Strings: These instruments consist of one or more strings stretched across a hollow or solid wooden body. They include instruments such as
Cello: Also called a violoncello, it is a stringed instrument consisting of a hollow wooden body and a smooth wooden board called a fingerboard. At the top of the fingerboard is the headstock, which has pegs used to tune the strings of the instrument. A cello has four strings that start at the bottom and end at the tuning pegs. To play the cello, musicians press a string against the fingerboard and either run a bow across the string or pluck it with a finger. The further down (toward the body) the placement of the finger, the higher the pitch of the resulting sound.
Guitar: A guitar’s construction traditionally uses wood, with a hollow or solid wooden body and a smooth neck that contains a fingerboard. Most guitars have fingerboards that have metallic frets placed in them at fixed locations, which help produce tones of different pitches. Traditional guitars have six strings made of nylon or a steel alloy. The strings start at the bridge at the bottom end and run the length of the instrument, over the fingerboard, and into the headstock. At the headstock, the strings attach to machine heads (tuning pegs). To play the guitar, musicians press down a string behind a fret and then pluck the string (with fingers or a plectrum) over the body. The further down (toward the body) the placement of the finger on the fingerboard, the higher the pitch of the resulting sound.
Percussion: These instruments are beaten, struck, or brushed to produce sound. Percussion instruments include
Cymbal: A cymbal is a percussive instrument that is a thin, generally round plate of metallic alloy. Musicians play these by striking them with a drumstick, mallet, or hands, or by brushing them. Cymbals produce different sounds based on their size, shape, and curvature of the body, but they do not produce a definitive pitch.
Xylophone: This is a percussive instrument made of wooden bars of different lengths. The order of these is by size, and each bar produces a different tone. To play the xylophone, musicians strike bars with mallets to produce tones.
Explanation:
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