Answer: Option(b) is correct
Explanation:
Positive economics is the field where economy is studied and analysed without predicting about its judgement in terms of goodness or badness. This theory defines about cause and effect that causes economic processes and behavior.
Other options are incorrect because operation of federal government and price level is not set by positive economics also does not describe value decisions and expectation about economy should operate. Thus, the correct option is option(b) .
This is called, <span>selfishness</span>
Aristotle was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher.
Aristotle (along with Plato) is noted as the “Father of Western Philosophy”.
He invented formal logic, physics, psychology, descriptive biology and made critical observations of plants, humans, and animals. Many of his works and studies are crucial to modern society.
For the most part, banking created a better capital's movement within the European continents. It make it easier for the traders to make their payment and the traders also do not need to bring their payment during the transport and risk getting raided in in the middle of the process
hope this helps
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
→ she didn't want to go to school, made up an excuse and even got a prize for it (breakfast)
Primary reinforcement is a reinforcement that does not depend on previous learning (conditioning). They are generally used to meet basic needs, such as water and food. Its relationship was established based on phylogenesis.
→ she was afraid to go to school and made up an excuse
Reinforcement, or reinforcing stimulus, for behaviorism is the consequence of behavior that makes it more likely. The reinforcement can be positive (through the addition of a stimulus) or negative (through the removal of a stimulus).
