The Roman citizens gathering in assemblies to vote, is a fundamental element of a democratic society.
A person who favored independence from Great Britain would be described as a Patriot.
Settling disputes
Deborah is known among the "judges" of Israel. That designation included the sort of dispute-settling we would think of as the role of a judge, but also more general leadership. The Bible book of Judges records the activities of these leaders of the Israelite people during the days before they had a king.
One could be the rise of towns and the crusades. The Crusades was a campaign to reclaim the
Holy from Muslim rule. Despite the
number of campaigns launched. The Holy
remained under Muslim control and this weakened the feudal system as the
nobility spent most of their wealth on these campaigns. This led to the growth of towns where merchants
grew rich and became a force in society which led to the rise of the
Renaissance where interest was centered on the classics.