Answer:
Chairman of the Presidium Antanas Smetona.
Explanation:
Broadly speaking, Mercantilism was very good for European countries for a while but terrible for their colonies.
Mercantilism made people in the Old World VERY rich.
But, as a result of the imbalance, the relationship between the European countries and their colonies deteriorated making mercantilism good in the short term but bad in the long term.
Mongolia gained control of the route in 1275 and kept it that way until it closed.
