Creationists criticize the idea of natural selection as a circular argument, or tautology, claiming "the fittest are those that survive, and survival is how fitness is defined. "
The definition of natural selection is not tautological because natural selection is measured by contribution to the next generation, not simply survival of an individual organism.
Tautologies or circular arguments are true at all times and therefore are not productive as theories since they cannot be disproved. A tautology is a statement which is true by necessity.
Natural selection is the prevalent theory which explains biological change by predicting the mechanism behind evolution.
Nevertheless, natural selection can be explained non-tautologically. It should be described as the theory which tries to speculate as well as retrodict evolutionary change by environmental forces affecting the organisms.
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Answer:
1. male toads collected from the suburbs
Explanation:
<em>The control group in this case would the </em><em>male toads collected from the suburbs.</em>
In an experiment, the control group represents a group that receives every other treatment as the experimental group except that of the variable whose effect is the main aim of the experiment.
In observational study, the control group is selected based on a randomly chosen area depending on the variables being examined.
In this case, the researchers are out to investigate whether the reproductive problems observed in the population of cane toads are due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The control group would be those that are sure not to be a recipient of the poisons associated with agricultural chemicals. Hence, the population of toads close to agricultural sites would form the study group while those far from agricultural sites would represent the control group.
<u>Therefore, the male toads collected from the suburbs would be the control group. </u>
Answer:
cell 1 is eukaryotic and cell 2 is prokaryotic