Germany's role was a defeated nation.
The discussions that ended with the Treaty of Versailles was held after World War One(WWI), where Germany was a defeated nation and the content of the treaty was about the punishment for Germany after being an aggressor who initiated the war and invaded the others,causing mass damage over Europe.
Some brief information about the treaty was that Germany was punished through disarmament, where only 100000 army were allowed to remain. The Saar coal field was also taken away and monitored by the League of Nations.
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B the 15 amendmentgave freed slaves suffrage or the right to vote
The Federalist Papers were a series of documents, reportedly 85 different ones, that substantiated the ratification of the Constitution. Essentially made to defend it's ratification against the anti-federalists.
It changed the schooling in america, it made the schools do more and harder/complex mathematics and science, so we will always stay ahead of the russians
The iron curtain was the wall that separated communism from the rest of Europe during the cold war