The desire to win independence by unifying the nation.
FOR NUMBER 1 THE ANSWER IS (A)
Although many of the engagements of the American Revolution were conventional, guerrilla warfare was used to a certain extent during this conflict from 1775–1783, which made a significant impact. Guerrilla tactics were first used at the Battles of Lexington and Concord by the Patriots at April 19, 1775.
By 1860, the slavery issue had come to a head. The slavery issue split the Democratic party into Northern and Southern factions, and each ran separate candidates. The Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln won.