It was a type of toothpaste which contained crushed rock salt, iris flowers, pepper, and mint which would result to a paste when water was added
What the founders meant when they wrote "to form a more perfect Union" is that a process will be created to solve disputes between states.
As you already know, America had a great civil war between the North and the South, so when it was united, the most important goal was to somehow solve these problems between the states.
The Greek contribution to the scientific revolution can be found in the work of ancient Greek mathematicians like Diofanto, Euclid, and Archimedes, who made the greatest advances in Western mathematics and engineering until the Renaissance. Another important Greek thinker was Aristotle since many scholars during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance relied on his work in order to take into account rationalist and empiricist investigations. The ancient Greek philosophy was revived thanks to Greek scholars during the late Middle Ages.
Jewish scholars also made great contributions to the development of modern science mainly in the field of medicine, but it was not confined only to it. Maimonides, for example, was a Jewish polymath from the 12th century whose several investigations in medicine, astronomy, and rationalistic philosophy were an important advance in the way of scientific thought.
Muslims scholars, as well, were great scientists. Relevant mathematicians and astronomers like Al-Jwarizmi, Al-Biruni and Omar Khayyam developed algebra in a brilliant way and prepared the terrain for the scientific revolution. Many of these scholars were Renaissance thinkers centuries before Renaissance, like Al-Hazen who made important discoveries in optics and developed the scientific method.
During the Renaissance, European scholars were leading the scientific revolution, like Copernicus, who stipulated the heliocentric model, Galileo Galilei, who demonstrated it empirically using the telescope, and Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler, whose works helped to understand the motion of the planets around the sun.
1st one is : "Specialization"
2nd one is : "Scarcity"
3rd one is : "Cottage Industry"
4th one is : "Assembly line"
5th one is : "Mass Production"
6th one is : "Unskilled labor"
Hope this helps! :D
