This layer of soil is called the A horizon.
It is expected that seafloor samples taken farther from land usually contain a greater proportion of biogenous sediments because sediments are thinnest on the seabed closest to spreading centres (young seafloor) and thicker distant from the ridge (older seafloor with more time for accumulation). Additionally, sediments are substantially thicker close to continents.
More about seafloor sediments:
Terrigenous, pelagic, and hydrogenous sediment are the three different types of sea floor sediment. Terrigenous sediment is deposited on the continental shelf, continental rise, and abyssal plain and is derived from the land.
Clay particles and tiny marine animal skeletons that progressively sink to the ocean floor make up pelagic sediment. Minerals that precipitate from seawater on the ocean floor, such as manganese nodules, are abundant in hydrogenous sediments.
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If you mean US Statehood, there had to be a certain number of people per square mile, they had to have their own constitution, and they had to have Congress' approval.
The basis of the economies of many Latin American countries is crop and raw material exportation, since many of the crops and food that are consumed around the globe come from this region.
