Answer:
sorry if im wrong but i would say 2
Explanation:
Every gerund/participle ends in -ing, so you can know for sure that the answer is one of these two. Since here <em>turning </em>is used with an adverbial function (that is, it is basically an adverb - it tells us WHEN Kate bumped into David), the correct answer is B) participial.
B.Dismissing new words during reading
Answer:
ellie is interested in learning about jews mysticism and the Kabbalah, and Moishe the Beadle was his guidance.
Because shes all alone and she might have caused some of this