The methods in the picture include modern warfare techniques such as cannons and these were used extensively by the Muslim empires of the Ottomans and the Safavid.
The Chinese under the Qing dynasty also used cannons after it was introduced to them by the Portuguese and possibly the English.
This is unlike the Aztecs of Mexico who were not as developed. They mostly used rudimentary weapons such as spears, bows, clubs and darts. It is for this reason that they could not oppose the Spanish when they were attacked by them.
Improvements in Navigational Devices such as Maps and Instruments such as the compass and Astrolabe as well as significant improvements in Ship-making increased European Exploration.
