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La adaptación sensorial es un fenómeno que se produce cuando los receptores sensoriales quedan expuestos a estímulos durante un período prolongado. Dependiendo del estímulo, los receptores pueden aumentar o disminuir su capacidad de respuesta y desarrollarán una sensibilidad mejorada o disminuida al estímulo.
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Humans evolved in the Eocene period. Humans have impacted the rainforests through mining, agriculture, and construction. True. The Earth's history has had a significant effect on the characteristics of its organisms and biomes.
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La sociedad civil también se llama tercer sector de la sociedad.
Explicación:
La sociedad civil es un tipo de sociedad que se compone de personas que exigen los derechos y deseos del público. También se le llama tercer sector de la sociedad porque es diferente del sector gubernamental y empresarial. Las personas del sector familiar y privado conforman la sociedad civil. Es importante para la democracia porque proporciona control y equilibrio sobre la democracia y evita que el gobierno tome malas decisiones.
The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
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The purpose of DNA Replication is to produce two identical copies of a DNA molecule. This is essential for cell division during growth or repair of damaged tissues. DNA Replication ensures that each new cell receives its own new copy of the DNA.
