Acid-fast and Gram is used to visualize the structures in a membrane.
It is a differential staining procedure which is used to identify, <em>mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae.</em>
Acid-fast bacteria are considered to be gram-positive in terms of their structure as, they contains peptidoglycan in its cell wall.
They stain poorly with Gram stain procedure, and appears as weak Gram-positive.
Membranes are consisted of lipid bilayer, which is doubled layer of phospholipid, glycolipid and cholesterol molecules, which contains the chains of fatty acids, and
<em>determines weather a membrane is formed into long flat sheets or round vesicles.</em>
To examine the membrane protein structure, Electron microscopy technology is used and it enables the visualization of single protein at nanometers resolution.
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Answer:
4. c. Deletion/ frameshift mutation
5. a. Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly
6. A frameshift occurred which altered the identity of the amino acids following the initiator 6. methionine, but not the length of protein Q.
Explanation:
4)
A single base pair at the first position of the Arg codon i.e. CGA has been deleted. Due to the deletion, the reading frame has shifted one nucleotide backwards, altering the amino acid sequence of the protein.
5)
The genomic DNA sequence is 5'-ATG ATA CTA AGG CCC-3'. Therefore, the complementary mRNA will be 5'-UAC UAU GAU UCC GGG-3'. According to the genetic code, this mRNA sequence encodes the following amino acid sequence: Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Gly
6)
The wild type DNA sequence is:
5'-ACUGUAAUGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'
The mutant i.e. mRNA with the added G will be
5'
ACUGUAAUGGGAGUCAGAUGAUGCAUUAAGGAGAAAUUGAAAUAAA-3'
This is a single base pair insertion and frameshift mutation that shifts the reading frame one base pair forwards. The codon that was originally GAG coding for glutamic acid (Glu) gets converted to GGA that codes for glycine. Therefore, the amino acid sequence has been altered but the polypeptide chain will still have 13 amino acids.