This period of time was called the first “Civil Rights” movement for African Americans. Jim Crow laws were created during this period of time to stop blacks from voting and segregated them from whites. This period didn’t come with much success for blacks, as the only thing passed prior to this movement was the 13th-15th Amendments. This movement ended in 1896, with the Plessy v. Ferguson case, in which “Separate but equal” was ruled constitutional.
Solon's contribution to the city-state of Athens was to D. establishment of courts with juries. (Think of democracy.)
Native American customs were being outlawed by state governments in the United States.
The questions were different this time. First and foremost, how would the colonist meet the military threat of the British. It was agreed that a CONTINENTAL ARMY would be created. The Congress commissioned George Washington of Virginia to be the supreme commander, who chose to serve without pay. How would supplies be paid for? The Congress authorized the printing of money. Before the leaves had turned, Congress had even appointed a standing committee to conduct relations with foreign governments, should the need ever arise to ask for help. No longer was the Congress dealing with mere grievances. It was a full-fledged governing body.
National Park ServiceIndependence Hall
Still, in May of 1775 the majority of delegates were not seeking independence from Britain. Only radicals like John Adams were of this mindset. In fact, that July Congress approved the OLIVE BRANCH PETITION, a direct appeal to the king. The American delegates pleaded with George III to attempt peaceful resolution and declared their loyalty to the Crown. The King refused to receive this petition and instead declared the colonies to be in a state of rebellion in August. Insult turned to injury when George ordered the hiring of HESSIAN mercenaries to bring the colonists under control. Americans now felt less and less like their English brethren. How could their fellow citizens order a band of ruthless, foreign goons? The moderate voice in the Continental Congress was dealt a serious blow.
<span>As the seasons changed and hostilities continued, cries for independence grew stronger. The men in Philadelphia were now wanted for treason. They continued to govern and hope against hope that all would end well. For them, the summer of 1776 brought the point of no return — a formal declaration of independence.</span>
1. Designed to give the Cherokees full rights to their land but was not enforced by president Andrew Jackson & B – Worchester V Georgia.
2. Designed to give American Indians 160 acres and citizenship after a 25 year period & C – Dawes Severalty Act
3. Designed to “Americanize” the young Indians and strip them of native culture connections & A. Boarding schools
