<span>What you describe is called devolution. This is when power is transferred to lower levels. When devolution occurs, autonomous regions occur and things like federations are created because numerous autonomous regions work together under federative rule, but still retain a great degree of independence.</span>
3 looks like the best option
Anong ibig mong sabihin? (Wdym)
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune fit that description, so pick anyone!