This is "Ethos" since it is about having equal rights .
Sentence 4 has the IPV error i just finished my test with 100%.
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“The Green Knight's original challenge was for someone to step forward and strike him with his own axe under the condition that he meet him again one year later to receive a blow in return. Arthur steps up to the challenge, but in order to protect him, Sir Gawain steps up and meets the challenge instead”.
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The answer is D. to associate with something means to relate to it so the image makes the reader think and associate it with other things.