John collected taxes, modernised the government and exerted his power over the Church, Scotland and Ireland. This made him unpopular with the barons. In 1201-2, helped by King Philip of France, the lords of Lusignan, a powerful alliance of French nobles, rebelled against John. John mounted a huge campaign to re-conquer Normandy, but was badly defeated at the Battle of Bouvines (1214). John was forced to pay the huge sum of 20,000 marks and concede some lands in France in order for King Philip to recognise him as the heir to Richard I.
The Stock market crash of 1929 was indeed the cause of the Depression, as the market crash put Wall Street in panic. Millions of the Stock investors lose it all. The lack of confidence in the situation ceased consumer spending; this resulted in massive layoffs of workers.
