In 2013, Toyota changed its organizational structure from the centralized structure to:
- the Global hierarchy,
- the Geographic divisions, and
- the Product-based divisions.
This change was made to adapt the consumer's demand in each of the regional markets all over the world. The most important element of this structure is the speed of handling issues and problems of all Toyota's branches. However, this structure also has a weakness which is the decreasing of headquarter's control over the global organization.
Planning involves encouraging employees to engage in behaviors directly related to a goal accomplishment. It is the best way to have excellent performance because it motivates the employees to work harder. Planning involves goal setting, objectives, and determining the course of action to achieve the goal.
Well there are a few like
Microsoft Windows
Apple iOS
Apple macOS
Linux Operating System
The third option is your answer.
