China was characteruzed with self-imposed isolation whixh lead to insulation.The fact that China was insulated frim the scuentific and industrial revolutions occuring in Europe resulted in the followin situation: The West surged ahead of China while China began its slow decline.
Well you've practically answered the question yourself. The upper classes considered themselves to be captains of industry. They provided work for people. The problem was that they also took from the poor and gave to the rich to make them richer. You need only read about the history of the Railways to know what this last statement means.
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Economists have had an enormous impact on trade policy, and they provide a strong rationale for free trade and for removal of trade barriers. Although the objective of a trade agreement is to liberalize trade, the actual provisions are heavily shaped by domestic and international political realities. The world has changed enormously from the time when David Ricardo proposed the law of comparative advantage, and in recent decades economists have modified their theories to account for trade in factors of production, such as capital and labor, the growth of supply chains that today dominate much of world trade, and the success of neomercantilist countries in achieving rapid growth.
The end of World War Two impacted the United the states by giving women more rights and helped envole the manufacture industry creating more machinery