This question is easier than it seems. If there are 9 consecutive integers with the mean being 16, then 16 must be the median. So just add four on top and four below 16 to give you your range of 9 values, 12-20. 12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20=144, 144/9=16. So the mean of the first four numbers is (12+13+14+15)/4= 13.5. If you check, 13.5 is also the median of these four numbers.

The false (wrong) equation among them is : A

Because any number in a modulus comes out to be positive.
C since that's the only triangle where A^2+B^2=C^2 (36+64=100).
ANSWER
-2 shift the graph of the basic function down by 2 units.
EXPLANATION
The given cosine function is:

This equation can be rewritten as:

We compare this to

The effect d has on the graph is that, it shifts the graph up by d units.
If d is negative the graph shifts down by d units.
Since d=-2, the graph will shift down by 2 units.
The third term is 9
t(3)=2(3)+3
6+3 = 9