Subject in this context means 'servant'. Laertes is pointing out that Hamlet is bound to act in a certain way based on his birth and status.
Carve in this context means 'decide'. Again, Laertes is explaining that Hamlet can't make his own decisions to do whatever he wants because he is bound to the throne and the requirements of being the King one day.
I would say B, although I haven't read A Problem, I know that Daedalus is not immature. So that would automatically be incorrect.
To make a more personal and intimate appeal directly to another person
The answer is B The sun is like a balloon. A simile uses a like or as
