Explanation:
he was the only person in a group of a dozen other members to do it and the only way they would work
Massive retaliation means the US would respond to an attack with a larger response to annihilate the enemy.
Massive retaliation required a bigger, stronger weapon than held by an enemy. This policy forced an intense arms race which required the US to win in order to execute the plan. The use spent millions developing nuclear weapons and eventually the space program to prove they were prepared for an attack by the USSR.
South American countries fell into dictatorships becuase they had the same conditions which supported dictators in Europe. Economic instability led to loss of faith in democractic institution. The military was more efficient than a legislature. However, one thing unique to Latin American states was the type of involvement by foreign governments, especially the United States, in their internal affairs. The US involvement in Latin American countries' internal affairs stemmed from the fear of increasing influence of Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The United States had a unique experience in that it had ample time and space to tackle the challenges it faced including a bloody civil war, expanding across the continent and giving equality to Blacks. There was no direct intervention by foriegn powers in American affairs. Moreover the founding father of United States had set up the tradition of a strong legislature. George Washington, the first American president, voluntarily gave up his military commission back to Congress after the Revolutionary War was over. He also left the Presidential office after two terms thereby creating a strong tradition.
The President who established the President's council on youth fitness was Eisenhower.
Two years into the war, in September 1941, German arms seemed to be carrying all before them. Western Europe had been decisively conquered, and there were few signs of any serious resistance to German rule. The failure of the Italians to establish Mussolini's much-vaunted new Roman empire in the Mediterranean had been made good by German intervention. German forces had overrun Greece, and subjugated Yugoslavia. In north Africa, Rommel's brilliant generalship was pushing the British and allied forces eastwards towards Egypt and threatening the Suez canal. Above all, the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 had reaped stunning rewards, with Leningrad (the present-day St Petersburg) besieged by German and Finnish troops, Smolensk and Kiev taken, and millions of Red Army troops killed or captured in a series of vast encircling operations that brought the German armed forces within reach of Moscow. Surrounded by a girdle of allies, from Vichy France and Finland to Romania and Hungary, and with the more or less benevolent neutrality of countries such as Sweden and Switzerland posing no serious threat, the Greater German Reich seemed to be unstoppable in its drive for supremacy in Europe.
Yet in retrospect this proved to be the high point of German success. The fundamental problem facing Hitler was that Germany simply did not have the resources to fight on so many different fronts at the same time. Leading economic managers such as Fritz Todt had already begun to realise this. When Todt was killed in a plane clash on 8 February 1942, his place as armaments minister was taken by Hitler's personal architect, the young Albert Speer. Imbued with an unquestioning faith in Hitler and his will to win, Speer restructured and rationalised the arms production system, building on reforms already begun by Todt. His methods helped increase dramatically the number of planes and tanks manufactured in German plants, and boosted the supply of ammunition to the troops.
