A) DNA fulfils all three conditions:
<span>(1) copy itself precisely - in the process of replication, DNA copies itself and two molecules of DNA are formed. This process is very precise thanks to the great number of proteins involved in these process that prevents error occurring and proteins that can fix the error if it occurs.
(2) be stable but able to be changed - DNA is very stable molecule otherwise, it cannot be a genetic material. However, its chains can separate in a short length so the translational machinery can attach to it and the process of transcription can occur. Also, in crossing over, during meiosis, </span>the exchange of genetic material occurs and chromosomes change a bit.<span>
(3) be complex enough to determine the organism’s phenotype - it contains a number of genes responsible for different traits. All of this results in the </span>organism’s phenotype.
B) DNA copies itself. <span>Meselson and Stahl conducted the experiments on DNA replication in which they used </span>E. coli<span> bacteria as a model system. After they labelled all bacteria's DNA with heavy 15N by using medium with heavy 15N, they switched bacteria to medium with light 14N. After several generations, all bacteria's DNA was labelled with light 14N. This experiment evidenced that the self-replication of DNA is semi-conservative process.</span>
Answer:
A) missing one X chromosome
B) XXY
C) extra 21 chromosome
D) all relevant number of chromosomes
Explanation:
A) See attachment 1
B) see 2nd attachment
C) see 3rd attachment
D) see 4th attachment
Answer:
According to the theory of <em>endosymbiosis</em> , mitochondria in cells today are the descendants of aerobic prokaryotes that used oxygen to generate energy.
Explanation:
Endosymbiosis is an evolutionary theory which explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The theory of endosymbiosis states that mitochondria were once prokaryotes. They could carry out aerobic respiration and used oxygen to produce energy. With the passage of time, the bigger prokaryotes engulfed the smaller prokaryotes like the mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own DNA which proofs the hypothesis that they were once individual prokaryotic cells. Organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast and plastids support the theory of endosymbiosis.
