Civil law, civilian law, or Roman law is a legal system originating in Europe, intellectualized within the framework of late Roman law, and whose most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law. This can be contrasted with common law systems whose intellectual framework comes from judge-made decisional law which gives precedential authority to prior court decisions on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions (doctrine of judicial precedent, or stare decisis).[1][2]
Historically, a civil law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the Codex Justinianus, but heavily overlaid by Napoleonic, Germanic, canonical, feudal, and local practices,[3] as well as doctrinal strains such as natural law, codification, and legal positivism.
Conceptually, civil law proceeds from abstractions, formulates general principles, and distinguishes substantive rules from procedural rules.[4] It holds case law to be secondary and subordinate to statutory law. When discussing civil law, one should keep in mind the conceptual difference between a statute and a codal article. The marked feature of civilian systems is that they use codes with brief text that tend to avoid factually specific scenarios.[5] Code articles deal in generalities and thus stand at odds with statutory schemes which are often very long and very detailed.
Answer:
1. The colonists were being asked to restrict their desires to expand and explore.
2. The colonists felt the Proclamation was a plot to keep them under strict control
3. The King and the Parliament believed they had the right to tax the colonies, so they decided to require several kinds of taxes from the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War.
4. The King prohibited settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains, and Colonists who had already settled on those lands were ordered to return east of the mountains.
Explanation:
Answer:
" at first they were denied the right to fight by a prejudiced public and a reluctant government. Even after they eventually entered the Union ranks, black soldiers continued to struggle for equal treatment. Placed in racially segregated infantry, artillery, and cavalry regiments, these troops were almost always led by white officers."
Explanation:
source: https://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/black-troops-in-union-blue
She knew the land very well and she knew how to interact with other Indian tribes and if she wasn't with them, they could've been killed possibly by other Indian tribes because the white man was looked down upon by them because they had forced them out of their lands before