The main religion was Islam.
The citizens. With their votes they can remove people from office. As jurors,they can nullify unjust laws by refusing to convict when the defendant violates an unjust law
A social event of the industrial rev was their was less need for manual labor making them able to do other jobs causing an economic effect to if they are a less developed country they can start doing other jobs, make more money and are able to pay taxes therefore ending the cycle of poverty
(p.s. is this for ap human geography)