Answer:
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2 and 3. Seeing as only 1 parent is producing the offspring, it’s bound to have be identical. Flowering plants can be produced asexual or sexually so it has to be 2 and 3.
Macroevolution can cause significant changes in the frequencies of alleles, that can ultimately result in speciation (forming of new species).
Various large-scale events like climate change and continental drift can greatly influence the distribution of species and adaptive radiation of different groups that can fill vacant ecological niches.
The changes in gene regulation and genetic mutations can also contribute to macroevolution by producing novel traits and adaptations.
The answer is osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition when the bone(osteo) density is decreased, makes them look like having pore or spongy. It is found frequently in the elder woman that has been menopause for a few years.
Estrogen has a role in bone remodeling which causes a protective effect on woman before menopause.