If you're referring to the post WW2 period, then it was fairly simple, the United States wanted to create a democratic liberal country that would share their political goals in Europe, while the Soviets wanted to make it into a Communist state that would share their goals and ideals in Europe. Each would have their own central European country to control the remainder of Europe.
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It essentially said that the Jews were not human and were to be treated as such. The goal of the Nuremburg Laws was to distinguish what Nazi Germany perceived as ethnically pure and impure populations. It assigned people with Jewish heritage as property of the state, giving them no rights. Jews were also strictly prohibited from reproducing. The Nuremburg laws also gave strict ethnic standards to the rest of the German people, which classified them based on their ancestors race.
Explanation:
Answer to the question, "How did Paul Revere and others alert the Massachusetts militia about the approaching british soldiers":
Paul Revere rode on a horse into the city and started to shout to alert the citizens about the approaching British soldiers.