Elizabethans do not understand infection and contagion as we do. It is not that they are completely ignorant as to how illnesses
spread—physicians believe they know perfectly well—it is rather that their understanding is very different from ours. The principal ideas underpinning most Elizabethan medical thinking come from Galen, who lived in the second century A.D. Physicians will cite him as an unquestionable authority when they explain to you that your health depends on a balance of the four humors: yellow bile or choler, black bile, phlegm, and blood. If there is too much choler in your body, you will grow choleric; too much blood and you will be sanguine; too much phlegm and you will be phlegmatic; and too much black bile makes you melancholic. It is from these imbalances that sickness arises. How does the paragraph develop the central idea that Elizabethan beliefs influenced their understanding of disease?
A. It provides details about Galen’s medical training.
B. It compares modern and Elizabethan techniques
C. It details the belief that bodily humors affect health
D. It describes popular Elizabethan treatments.
The text explains that Elizabethans understand the infectious processes that affect human health, however, the understanding of the causes is that they are distinct. According to the text, for Elizabethans, infections occur through imbalances between body fluids. Consequently, their method of treatment is different.
“Nano” is the metric prefix for 1 x 10-9, so a nanometer (nm) is a billionth of a meter. It comes from an ancient Greek word that means “dwarf.” Nanoparticles range from 1 to 100 nm in diameter.
