550-330 BC - Achaemenid dynasty rules the first Persian Empire. At its greatest extent under Darius I stretches from the Aegean Sea and Libya to the Indus Valley.
9th century - Emergence of modern Persian language, written using a form of Arabic script.
1220 - Mongol forces of Genghis Khan overrun Persia, which becomes part of the Ilkhanate, ruled by descendants of Genghis' grandson Hulagu.
1501 - With the support of Shia Qizilbash warrior tribes, Shah Ismail I becomes first rulof Islamic Safavid dynasty; Shia Islam declared state religion.
1571-1629 Apogee of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I, who reforms the army, sidelines the Qizilbash and establishes first diplomatic links with western Europe.
1794 - Mohammad Khan Qajar founds the Qajar dynasty, restoring stability to Iran after half a century.
1828 - Iran cedes control of Caucasus to Russia after second Russo-Persian war
Answer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States.”