Brazil gained its independence on September 7th, 1822, when Dom Pedro proclaimed Brazil's independence after an antagonistic relationship with Portugal proved too much for the Brazilian people. It all began when Napoleon I invaded Portugal in 1807.
Europeans were originally motivated to explore the seas to discover previously unknown lands, especially after the contact with America, where europeans found all kind of valuable goods. The portuguese were the first to pursue maritime exploration, soon to be followed by the spaniards.
The growth of industries and urban population was the major change, beginning in the late 1790's/ early 1800's using technological improvements and taking advantage of a large pool of immigrants which arises in the United States.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The need of labor in the industries for huge production attracted the attention of the rural people, it was an opportunity for the rural people to settle inside the cities and become urban. Around 1920, nearly the major parts of America was populated with urban communities.
Around the period 1870 and 1920, nearly 25 million immigrants entered the country. They came with an hope to take part in the industry labor and gain enough wages that wouldn't push them to poverty. Places like New York, Cleveland, St.Louis attracted a lot of immigrants as it was a place of opportunities and in fact the immigrants were eager to work.
It was not just an advantage for the rural and immigrants but as well as for the factories and industries, who utilized these people for better use and development of the cities.
I think it is the last one the bank reserves part of the money and uses the rest to make loans to others consumers who need them. but I am not sure
