Bats are the only other species that can fly<span />
Carbon is both a waste product and an energy source in cellular respiration occurring with glucose molecules and forms the base element in the cellular respiratory cycles of glycolysis and the subsequent Kreb's cycle in which glucose is transformed into energy.
Secondary succession usually occurs faster than primary succession because the substrate is already present. Compared to the image below, secondary succession does not need to have pioneer species colonize the land nor does decomposition need to occur to create a layer of topsoil.
