In the <em>Lochner v. New York</em> case of 1905, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not <u>impose limits on the number of hours that employees could work.</u>
Further details:
A law passed in 1895 in the state of New York mandated that bakery employees could not work more than 10 hours a day and not more than 60 hours in a week. A bakery owner named Joseph Lochner filed suit against the state, claiming the law was unconstitutional. At the time, the Supreme Court decision was based on the idea that such laws violated an employee's "freedom of contract." The majority of justices saw such a right implicit in the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, thinking that if employees agreed to work a heavy number of hours it was their right to do so.
In the time since the Lochner case, the Supreme Court has gone in the other direction, allowing laws that impose reasonable restrictions on businesses. An example would be <em>West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish </em>(1937), which upheld the constitutionality of a minimum wage law passed in Washington state.
Israel I think because it is the Jewish homeland
Externalities - An externality is such type of outcome which is not directly incureed by the producer but its consequences are incurred by society as a whole. The externalities can be negative as well as positive.
Negative externality- A externality that has a negative and harmful effect on society, as well as firms, are called negative externalities.
- For eg., A firm polluting the environment to save the cost of production will have negative consequences on society as a whole.
Positive externality - An outcome of the decisions and execution of a company that has led to positive consequences for both company and the society.
- For eg., the perfect example of positive externalities is the research and development work of any company. The research and development benefits not only the company to enhance its efficiency but it also benefits society by gaining the knowledge from the research, employment from work, etc,
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Answer:
1852
Explanation:
Napoleon the III (named Charles Louis Napoleon) became emperor in 1852.
In November of that year, the Prince-President asked the French to accept the return of the Imperial regime, and with a referendum coming out in favor of this, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor Napoleon III.
Answer:
sovereignty
Explanation: with sovereignty, a state can rule itself and can govern how they see fit.
