Answer:It is A. Part of the reason that the Pope refused was because Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, had taken control of Rome - and Charles V was Catherine's nephew. When Henry secretly married Anne, he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.
Explanation:
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The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The circumstances surrounding the eventual showdown between Elizabeth's England and Philip's Spain were and exaggerated hate of Protestantism on the part of Philip of Spain, whose kingdom was Catholic, and the controversy generated by the dead of Mar I, wife of Philip, and the ascension to the throne of Elizabeth, who was Protestant. Many people claimed that the throne belonged to Mary, Queen of Scotland.
The long term impact upon the New World was that the Royal British Navy had destroyed the once-powerful Armada of Spain, making Great Britain the dominant nation in the exploration and colonization of foreign territories, strengthening the imperialistic ambitions of England.
This statement is true.
<em>The Kingdom of France</em> was a medieval monarchy in Western Europe. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe, its power was also colonial with possessions all over the world. The Kingdom adopted a constitution in 1791. The Kingdom was abolished in 1792 and restored in 1814.
<em>The French Empire</em> was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France. France was the dominant power in Europe in the 19th century. Napoleon's regime was the First Empire, to be distinguished from the restorationist Second Empire ruled by Napoleon's nephew Napoleon III.
<em>The French Colonial Power</em> were the oversees colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the beginning of the 16th century. The First Colonial Empire lasted till 1814, the Second came to its end after the decolonization around the year 1960.
<em>The First French Republic </em>was founded on September 22, 1792, during the French Revolution. There were many republics in the history of France. As of today, France as a state is a republic.
First war:
Sudan’s first civil war was fought between the Arab-led Khartoum government in the north and rebels in the largely Christian and animist south. Southern rebels were fighting for regional autonomy and representation in the government.
After a succession of governments, that were never able to address the problems of factionalism, economic stagnation, and ethnic division, a group of communist and socialist officers led by Colonel Gaafar al-Nimeiry took over power in a coup in 1969. Nimeiry made attempts to bring factions within Sudan together, including the southern Sudanese. A peace agreement was signed in 1972 that granted semi-autonomy to the south.
Second war:
Facing pressure from Islamists in Sudan, in 1983 President Nimeiry made the decision to abolish the south’s semi-autonomous government, consolidate power in Khartoum, declare Arabic the official language, and institute Sharia law throughout the country (even the primarily Christian and animist south). In response, Dr. John Garang de Mabior, a career soldier and economist trained and educated in the United States, headed the rebel movement known as the Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) in an uprising against Khartoum, kicking off the Second Sudanese Civil War. The grievances of the second civil war were similar to the first, and the SPLA/M was fighting against the Islamic state, Islamic law, and centralized power that Nimeiry instituted. Garang believed in a united Sudan without the stark ethnic factional divides that had plagued the country for decades. Nimeiry was ousted from power in 1985, but the war continued. In 1989, Colonel Omar al-Bashir led a group of army officers in a bloodless military coup. Over the years, under Bashir’s leadership he ruled by repression, expanded the influence of Islam in government, and supported radical Islamic groups throughout the region. Khartoum hosted and provided a safe haven to a number of radicals and radical groups, including Osama Bin Laden’s al Qaeda. In 1993, Bashir appointed himself President of Sudan, a position he has held ever since. Three years later, Bashir established the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and created a single-party totalitarian state. Throughout this time, until the early 2000s, Khartoum committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, and potentially even genocidal attacks on civilian populations in southern Sudan. The government conducted a widespread ‘scorched-earth campaign’–destroying crops, homes, and killing livestock–using food as a weapon of war, in addition to aerial bombardments and military/militia attacks from the ground.