The debate was about a strong national government versus basic civil liberties. If it hadn't been for the debates on the amendments, who knows what would've been added and what not. Thanks to the debates, things like the right to bear arms and the right to refuse to give your home to the army were added, as well as things like the states having the right to decide things that are not decided by the congress.
The Church taught that the Earth was the center of the universe and that the Sun revolved around it. By arguing for a heliocentric (Sun-centered) solar system, Galileo was arguing that the Church was wrong. ... In an attempt to prevent its authority from being eroded, the Church objected strongly to Galileo's theories.
The mexican war resulted in additional territory and their was controversy in whether slavery should be allowed in the new territory.
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The military leaders in Japan were suspected of mistreating their prisoners.
