Answer:
1. The rise of nationalism in Europe initiated with the Spring of Nations in 1848. American political science professor Leon Baradat has argued that "nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state a nation state to support those interests. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, in a few decades, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments.[1] Some countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common national identity. Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Russian Empire.
2.
The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom or the Golden Age of Capitalism,[1][2] was a broad period of worldwide economic expansion beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–1975 recession.[1] The United States, Soviet Union and Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Japan (Japanese economic miracle), West Germany and Austria (Wirtschaftswunder), South Korea (Miracle on the Han River), Belgium (Belgian economic miracle), France (Trente Glorieuses), Italy (Italian economic miracle) and Greece (Greek economic miracle). Even countries that were relatively unaffected by the war such as Sweden (Record years) experienced considerable economic growth.
