Speciation is b. the process by which new species are formed. They are often caused by the isolation of certain organisms in terms of environment or geographical area. This is part of the evolutionary changes that various species undergo to brought about by natural selection.
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Carbon is the atom, which is necessarily find in the living organism.
All the living organisms are made up of biomolecules. All the biomolecules are organic compounds. The substance cannot be consider as living, if it lacks nucleic acids. There are two types of nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), both have a structure made up of carbon rings and chains.
Other than nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, hormones etc are also made up of carbon. So, all the living cells, or dead remain of organism must have carbon atom.
Hence, the correct answer is option D. carbon.
In the center of the centrosome
