Oxidative phosphorylation relies on the hydrogen ion concentration gradient generated and maintained by the electron transport chain.
Hydrogen ions are actively transported out of the mitochondrial matrix.
Hydrogen ion concentration is higher in the intermembrane space than in the mitochondrial matrix.
Advantage: Dichotomous keys are very useful because they allow non-expert users to identify organisms by directing them to look at the known, important organisms. Disadvantage: Disadvantage of dichotomous keys is that if a single wrong decision is made at any juncture, a wrong identification will result. Sometimes it becomes obvious that an error has been made, and you can retrace your steps until you get back on the right track, but this is not always the case
Answer:
fg
Explanation:
white is recessive since 2 fs were needed to get white so if half the children are white then the second parent has to have the recessive gene f and since the other half kids are purple then they need the G gene which is purple and is the dominant gene
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<h3>⇝ <u>Epidermis</u> :</h3>
Protective tissues includes epidermis & cork. Epidermis is basically a simple permanent tissue, protective in function. It forms one-cell-thick covering over all the parts of plant.
<h3>⇝ <u>Characteristics of Epidermis</u> : </h3>
- Epidermis is formed of living cells, arranged in a single layer.
- In aerial parts, epidermis is covered with a waterproof and noncellular waxy covering called cuticle.
- Cells form a continuous layer, but in leaves epidermis has small openings called stomata.
- Each stoma is guarded by a pair of bean-shaped guard cells which govern opening & closing of stomatal aperture.
<h3>⇝ <u>Functions of Epidermis</u> :</h3>
- Epidermis protects the underlying tissues from mechanical injury, chemicals & infection.
- Cuticle of epidermis protects against water loss & desiccation. It checks the rate of transpiration & evaporation and prevents wilting.
- Stomata in the epidermis of leaves help in gaseous exchange during respiration & photosynthesis.
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