Europe. With their opium and ability to control the Suez canal. Opium war and such.
The answer is the first century
Capitalist economic systems are typically more productive in the amount of resources they develop.
In a socialist economy, the government controls the means of production. This means they would determine how many goods/resources are needed for their citizens. However, in a capitalist society, the amount of goods/resources produced is dependent on the wants of the consumer. This allows businesses to curtail their production to the needs of the citizens rather than the government.
They had more resources and national wealth