I think Autorhythmic fibers are fibers that are self excitable or on their own for example some cardiac muscle. They repeatedly generate action potentials that trigger heart contractions.They continue to stimulate a heart to beat even when it is removed from the body. In comparison to contractile fibers, autorhythmic fibers are self excitable and do not require nervous system stimulation to trigger contractions. Contractile fibers have stable resting membrane potentials of -90mV, when a contractile fibers reaches threshold by action potential, the voltage gated fast sodium ions channels will open.
Mutations result either from errors in DNA replication or from the damaging effects of mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation, which react with DNA and change the structures of individual nucleotides. All cells possess DNA-repair enzymes that attempt to minimize the number of mutations that occur
Answer:
Control group
Explanation:
A control group is<em> a group of individuals in an experiment where the independent variable being tested (the exposition to cigarette smoke in this case) can't influence the results.</em> This control group will be then compared to the experimental group (exposed to the smoke) to see the effect of the variable evaluated.
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After crystal violet staining, the Gram-positive bacteria may appear dark blue or violet. The cell wall of gram positive bacteria have thick peptidoglycan layer, thus it retains the crystal violet stain compared to gram negative bacteria.
As water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and changes into liquid cloud droplets in a process called condensation
