- $ 1.6 billon's worth (at end-1940s prices) of Marshall Plan aid (not actual money but machinery and other capital goods, fuel, fertilizer, etc produced by US companies who invoiced the US government) as a loan to West Germany and West Berlin. Marshall Plan aid also offered to East Germany but refused.
- other Marshall Plan recipient countries got their aid as non-repayable grants.
- in a 1953 treaty the loan was forgiven except for $ 1 billion which was to be repaid over the next 30 years but was in fact repaid by 1966
<span>In a way Germany profited from being treated less favorably (loan instead of grant) initially. The German companies paid the value of the goods imported from the US into an account with the central bank, that was used as a revolving fund loaning money to businesses until such time as the money had to be repaid. The actual part repayment seems to have been done from the general federal budget, so the fund remained as a separate asset which could not be spent for general government expense. It still exists (named "ERP-Sondervermögen"), is used to give loans to businesses for investments, and seems to be at about 12 billion euros these days.</span>
Answer:
c. put wage and price controls in place ended the gold standard and increased federal spending
Explanation:
Following the Kennedy-Johnson organization in the United States, there was a gigantic exertion to deal with the commercial center, to some extent by controlling wages. This action was not the handicraft of left-wing dissidents but rather of the organization of Richard Nixon, a decently moderate Republican who was a commentator of government intervention in the economy.
As a young fellow amid World War II, preceding joining the naval force, Nixon had filled in as a lesser lawyer in the tire-apportioning division of the Office of Price Administration, an encounter that left him with a lasting distaste for price controls.
The cost of gold had been fixed at $35 an ounce since the Roosevelt organization. Be that as it may, the developing U.S. balance-of-installments shortage implied that remote governments were gathering a lot of dollars - in total volume far surpassing the U.S. government's supply of gold. These legislatures, or their national banks, could appear whenever at the "gold window" of the U.S. Treasury and demand exchanging their dollars for gold, which would accelerate a run. The issue was not hypothetical. In the second seven day stretch of August 1971, the British envoy turned up at the Treasury Department to demand that $3 billion be changed over into gold.
We’ll which war are you talking about
Answer: nationalism aspires to a congruence between state borders and the boundaries of the national community. As a result, that the national group is contained in the territory of its state. The state contains only that nation.
Explanation:
hope this helpss!
Answer: THEY WERE FEARFUL OF DIVISIONS AND INSTABILITY WITHIN THE AMERICAN SOCIETY.
Explanation:
Other common characteristics are:
- They were older, better established, and resisted radical change.
- They felt that rebellion against the Crown; the legitimate government, was morally wrong.
- They were alienated when the Patriots resorted to violence, such as burning houses and tarring and feathering.
- They wanted to take a middle-of-the-road position and were angry when forced by the Patriots to declare their opposition.
- They had a long-standing sentimental attachment to Britain (often with business and family links).
- They realized that independence was bound to come someday, but wanted to postpone the moment.
- They were cautious and afraid that chaos and mob rule would result.
