The glands located besides the thyroid are the Parathyroid gland.
Answer:
Smaller the size of the DNA fragment, farther it moves during electrophoresis. The sketch of the position of the fragments has been drawn in the figure below.
Explanation:
As we know DNA is a negatively charged molecule. So during electrophoresis the fragments move towards the positive electrode because opposite charges attract each other.
Different fragment move different distances according to their size during the electrophoresis. Smallest segment travels the largest distance in the gel medium while the largest one travels least distance.
In the question there are four DNA fragments with base pairs 4000, 2500, 2000 and 400 so the smallest segment with 400bp will be farthest from the starting point and the largest fragment with 4000bp will travel least distance in the gel medium. Their respective positions are shown in the figure below. The starting point is near the negative electrode.
Bacteria are single celled microbes. The cell structure is simpler than that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Instead their control centre containing the genetic information is contained in a single loop of DNA. Some bacteria have an extra circle of genetic material called a plasmid. The plasmid often contains genes that give the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria. For example it may contain a gene that makes the bacterium resistant to a certain antibiotic.
Bacteria are classified into 5 groups according to their basic shapes: spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli), spiral (spirilla), comma (vibrios) or corkscrew (spirochaetes). They can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains or clusters.