Puddle is to ocean as dollar is to Fortune
So a noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
So if we look at the first sentence:
Her grandmother lives in the desert.
We can tell which ones are the nouns by going through each one of the words.
grandmother is the first noun, because it's a person, because a grandmother is, well, a person.
desert is the next and last noun, because it is a place.
And we can do the same thing with the next sentence.
father would be the noun because a father is a person. A lizard would be a noun because a lizard is a thing.
You can repeat this with the next sentences.
(Note: a noun can also be an idea, like something like, inspiration)
It means conditions that are on the margin, the margin being that region of the operational envelope that is right on the edge between acceptable and unacceptable.