Explanation:
The year 622 brought a new challenge to Christianity. Near Mecca, Saudi Arabia, a prophet named Muhammad claimed he received a revelation that became a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. The Koran, which Muhammad wrote in Arabic, identified Jesus Christ not as God but as a prophet. <em><u>Islam</u></em> spread throughout the Middle East and into Europe until 732.Soon thereafter, European Christians began the <em><u>Crusades</u></em>, a campaign of violence against Muslims to dominate the <em><u>Holy Lands</u></em>—an area that extended from modern-day Turkey in the north along the Mediterranean coast to the Sinai Peninsula—under Islamic control, partially in response to sustained Muslim control in Europe. The city of Jerusalem is a holy site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; evidence exists that the three religions lived there in harmony for centuries. But in 1095, European Christians decided not only to reclaim the holy city from Muslim rulers but also to conquer the entire surrounding area.
The historical patterns of the Russian civilization and identity have been influenced by many foreign forces that have variously occupied the Russian landscape.
<h3>What are historical patterns?</h3>
Historical patterns follow the historical development of a people or an entity. For example, the historical patterns of the Russian civilization and identity has been shaped by various foreign forces that occupied the entity since early-recorded histories.
It first started with the early Mongol invasions to the Tsarists regimes. The Slavic, Tatar, Finnic, Vikings, and Steppe people have exercised authority over Russia. Russian then moved to the enlightenment and industrialization ages before resorting to endless revolutions and wars, including experiments with communism and socialism.
Thus, Russia is well-recognized for its political rises to world power levels, including varying upheavals marking its historical patterns.
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