If you’re talking about the United States, the first president was George Washington.
Usually congress passed the laws but it took 9 out of 13 states to ratify for a convention of states
The bombing of a Baptist church in Birmingham on September 15, 1963, which killed four girls and injured nearly two dozen others.
Members of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacy group, planted sticks of dynamite beneath a stairway to the basement inside the 16th Street Baptist Church. A timing device set the dynamite to explode at around 10:25am on that Sunday morning. The girls who were killed had been in the basement changing into their choir robes for the Sunday service. The whole building was shaken and damaged, and many people upstairs were injured.
The geographic areas of Texas that are not a Republican stronghold are Panhandle, Texas and South Plains, Texas.