Both conflicts are related to confusion over Gogol’s two names.
In the first excerpt it is about how Gogol has two names, Nikhil and Gogol. Gogol is a pet name used by his family while Nikhil is his "good name". Nikhil is his more formal name and should be the one used at school. However, since Gogol was put on his birth certificate, the school must register him using his legal name.
1. The adverb that modifies the verb is c) ever. Without it, it wouldn't be completely clear as to which time frame the speaker refers to. It may have been for example the last year, or in some other particular moment.
2. The adverb that modifies the verb is b) always. It adds to the sense of urgency of wearing a life jacket when rafting. Without it, the meaning of this sentence wouldn't be so precise.
It is true that sometimes communication is not possible because of different facts such as:
A: Background knowledge: if there is communication between two or more people but they don’t share the same background, it is probably that a clash of knowledge would appear.
B: Assumptions: it is said in the Tolteic philosophy: 1st Agreement: “Don’t make assumptions”. If you create and state assumptions about what other people said, you will be misunderstanding many messages.
C: Dialect: sometimes this is a problem since there are some words that has a different meaning or they are pronounced differently so this, too, can create non-communication.
The correct answer is A. The boy's epiphany in "Araby" reveals the futility of human pursuits.
At the end of the story, the boy has several disappointments. His uncle is late, the bazaar is nearly closed by the time he gets there, and the only objects he finds are boring. All of his expectations have failed to live up to reality. The boy realizes that his relationship with Mangan's sister will end up the same -- better in his imagination than in reality.
In this way, the story says that life itself is disappointing and fails to live up to our imaginations. Answer A, that human pursuits are futile (or pointless), best encompasses the boy's epiphany.
